Morpho-biochemical diversity and GC-MS profiling of Eclipta prostrata (L.) genotypes

Abstract

Bhringaraj (Eclipta prostrata), an annual medicinal herb from the Asteraceae family, is traditionally esteemed for its multifaceted health benefits stemming from its rich array of phytochemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological, yield, and quality diversity of E. prostrata genotypes to offer essential insights for enhancing its cultivation and commercialisation, owing to the growing demand for natural products. Significant variability was identified across 35 traits, comprising 16 qualitative and 19 quantitative characters, contributing to morphological, yield, and quality attributes among 25 genotypes. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant positive association between the fresh whole plant yield per plant and morphological attributes, such as plant height, internodal length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and inflorescence diameter. Nine elite genotypes, namely EP 24, EP 7, EP 4, EP 11, EP 12, EP 16, EP 17, EP 20, and EP 15, were discerned through an analysis of yield and associated traits. Significant differences were observed in the phytochemical profiles of elite genotypes, with n-hexadecanoic acid being identified as a key constituent. Cluster analysis grouped the 25 genotypes into five distinct clusters. These findings demonstrate substantial variability among the genotypes and provide valuable genetic resources for crop improvement, commercial cultivation, and phytochemical utilization of E. prostrata.