Multi-trait Genotype -Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) approach for identifying superior genotypes in sesame (Sesamum indicum. L)

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a globally significant oilseed crop, valued for its high oil content (45–57 %) and antioxidant properties. Despite its importance, the productivity of sesame remained low mainly due to unavailability of suitable cultivars to diverse agroclimatic conditions resulting in low yields. To address these constraints, the Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI), a modern multi-trait selection tool, was applied to identify superior genotypes based on multiple traits simultaneously rather than focussing on one trait at a time. In the present study, 56 sesame genotypes were evaluated for eleven yield-related traits and oil content. Significant genetic variability was observed and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the first four components explained 65 % of the total phenotypic variation. Selection gain estimates revealed high potential for genetic improvement in seed yield, plant height and number of capsules per plant. Based on MGIDI scores, eight superior genotypes were identified, namely Rajeswari, YLM-17, YLM-193, YLM-188, SI-32655, YLM-195, YLM-189 and YLM-11 exhibiting favourable trait combinations which may be used as promising candidates for future sesame crop improvement programmes depending on the objective.